Distribution of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 ' A alleles and HIV status in 7 ethnic populations of Cameroon

Limited information is available on the prevalence among rural Africans of host genetic polymorphisms conferring resistance to HIV-1 infection or slowing HIV disease progression.We report the allelic frequencies of the AIDS-related polymorphisms CCR2-64I, SDF1-3#A, and CCR5-D32 in 321 volunteers from 7 ethnic groups in Cameroon. Allelic frequencies differed among the 7 ethnic groups, ranging from 10.8% to 31.3% for CCR2-64I and 0.0% to 7.1% for SDF1-3#A. No CCR5-D32 alleles were found. HIV seroprevalence was 6.9% in the total population and peaked at younger ages in girls and women than in boys and men. Among 15- to 54-year-olds, HIV seroprevalence varied from 2.0% to 11.1% among the village populations. Conditional logistic regression analysis using data from boys and men aged 15 to 54 years showed the number of CCR2-64I alleles to be a significant risk factor for HIV seropositivity (odds ratio per allele adjusted for age and matched on ethnic group = 6.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–30.3); this association was not found in women. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CCR2-64I alleles may delay HIV disease progression without affecting susceptibility to infection among men. We did not observe this relation among women, and other factors, such as multiple pregnancies or maternal stressors (eg, breastfeeding), may have masked any protective effect of CCR2-64I alleles. Further study of this issue among women is warranted. SDF1-3#A did not differ between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals but wasassociated with increasing age among HIV-seronegative women, suggesting a protective effect against HIV-1 infection.

溴隐亭和巴氯芬对吗啡诱导成瘾后戒断症状的协同抑制作用

皮下递增注射吗啡(25、50、75、100、125、150mg/kg)建立小鼠身体依赖动物模型,把6mg/kg纳络酮作用下的小鼠跳跃症状作为成瘾后戒断的行为学观测指标,检测DA受体激动剂溴隐亭和GABAB受体激动剂巴氯芬对戒断行为的影响;同时进一步研究激动二受体在成断过程中的作用.结果表明:溴隐亭低剂量(10mg/kg)无抑制戒断症状的作用,中、高剂量(20、30mg/kg)能够明显抑制戒断症状;巴氯芬低、中剂量(0.5、1.0mg/kg)无抑制戒断症状的作用,高剂量(1.5mg/kg)则可以抑制戒断症状的作用.当无抑制作用剂量的溴隐亭(10mg/kg)和巴氯芬(1.0mg/kg)联合应用时能够明显抑制小鼠的戒断症状,说明此二受体在吗啡成瘾后戒断期间功能上具有协同作用,能够很好地抑制纳络酮诱导的成瘾小鼠跳跃症状.

巴氯芬对慢性吗啡依赖后条件化位置偏好和戒断症状的抑制

小鼠连续7天腹腔注射吗啡(40mg/kg)建立条件化位置偏好模型,连续皮下递增注射吗啡(25、50、75、100、125、150mg/kg),成瘾后腹腔注射纳络酮(6mg/kg)诱导戒断症状(跳跃行为)建立戒断模型.腹腔注射GABAB受体激动剂巴氯芬(2 mg/kg)可以有效地抑制吗啡诱导的条件化位置偏好和减轻纳络酮诱导的戒断症状,结果表明GABA系统参与动物成瘾后渴求和戒断过程,激动GABAB受体可以在一定程度上抑制成瘾的心理和生理戒断症状.